The identification of global strategic shipping pivots and their spatial patterns     

Chengjin Wang  Peiran Chen  Yunhao Chen 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(9):1215-1232

In concert with developments in global trade and energy resource transportation, there has been a marked increase in reliance on overseas shipping. Unimpeded marine transportation has therefore become a key issue which influences national maritime interests including the security of trade and energy resources. A strategic shipping pivot thus performs a vital controlling function for global shipping networks. In this study strategic shipping pivots are defined and subdivided into sea hubs, channels and areas. We then develop a model to identify strategic shipping pivots on a global scale. The results show that, depending on differences in location, function, and type, the concept of strategic shipping pivot permits the identification of both spatial and structural differentiation with respect to strategic hubs, corridors, and seas. Now 44 strategic hubs have formed across the globe. These hubs have become the control centers of local shipping network organization. At the same time, seven strategic corridors containing most shipping routes and transportation capacity connect important sea areas, and permit a high-degree of control over the transport of strategic materials. The strategic seas, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific provide vital import and export pathways, so that the formation of strategic shipping pivots is mainly influenced by factors such as physical geographical conditions, the spatial distribution of socio-economic activities, business organization, technical progress, geopolitical patterns and geopolitical disputes. Physical geographical conditions provide the potential foundations for strategic shipping pivots, while the spatial distribution of socio-economic activities and communications determine the strategic value of these points. Finally, business organization, technical progress, and geopolitical disputes all function to strengthen the strategic mechanisms and the mutagenicity of strategic shipping pivots.  相似文献   

Consulting as a threat to local democracy? Flexible management consultants,pacified citizens,and political tactics of strategic development in German cities     

Anne Vogelpohl 《Urban geography》2018,39(9):1345-1365

These days, it is often claimed that democratic procedures are under threat. The detachment of policy decisions from political debates is partly a result of the increasing influence of non-elected organizations and experts. Following a conceptual discussion of the spatiality of democracy, this paper focuses on management consultants as constraint on collective political participation in urban development; namely on McKinsey and Roland Berger. (De-)democratization is assessed alongside processes of inclusion and exclusion of both topics and people from political decisions. Based on a comparison of strategy-making projects in six German cities, the findings reveal three different types of urban policymaking ranging between expert-led and participatory versions. Despite the differences, each of the projects relied on a notion of passive citizens, who primarily need to be “gotten on board” and who lack the power to make decisions. This paper exposes the political tactics involved in an expert-influenced curtailment of democratic procedures.  相似文献   

东北地区建设用地开发强度格局演变的空间分异机制   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

刘艳军  于会胜  刘德刚  祝丽媛 《地理学报》2018,73(5):818-831

建设用地开发强度是区域建设用地开发利用程度及其对区域人口和经济社会承载强度的综合反映。本文以东北地区179个县域空间为基本研究单元,应用冷热点、空间变差函数、GWR模型等定量方法对建设用地开发强度的时空分异格局演变及分异机制进行了探讨,得出以下结论：① 2000-2015年东北地区建设用地开发强度总体呈现出增长态势,但空间分异显著,各单元间建设用地开发强度高低的相互作用及联动效应较为明显,但建设用地开发强度的空间分布逐渐趋于非均衡,建设用地开发强度的冷热点分布格局与全局分异变化及空间异质性态势基本吻合;② 2000年东北地区开发强度格局分异由政府财政投入力度、用地投资强度和产业结构水平共同影响,到2005-2015年发展演化为政府财政投入力度、用地投资强度、经济发展水平和产业结构水平共同影响;③ 2000-2015年政府财政投入力度、用地投资强度、经济发展水平和产业结构水平与东北地区建设用地开发强度格局分布态势具有一定的关联性,但在不同区域呈现出影响程度的差异性。  相似文献   

中国省际边界区县域经济格局及影响因素的空间异质性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹小曙  徐建斌 《地理学报》2018,73(6):1065-1075

通过构建省际边界区经济发展差异指数,结合空间自相关模型对省际边界区县域经济发展差异格局进行分析,并利用全局回归（OLS）模型和地理加权回归模型（GWR）对省际边界县域经济发展差异影响因素的空间异质性进行研究。结果表明,中国省际边界区县域经济发展具有显著的空间集聚性,边界经济发展差异较大的地区集中在蒙甘边界,蒙宁边界和陕蒙边界地区。政府宏观调控因子与西部地区县域经济发展差异呈负相关趋势,教育发展水平对县域经济发展差异影响呈现出贫困与发达地区二元分异,边界的紧凑度、地形起伏度、交通优势度与产业结构因子对县域经济发展差异指数呈现出正相关趋势。本文具体分析了在不同省际边界县域内,各影响因素对县域经济发展差异指数的影响程度差异和作用方向差异,为合理调控不同地区发展要素、缩小省际边界地区经济发展差异、制定不同省际边界县域发展策略提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Reconciling Multiple Societal Objectives in Cross-Scale Marine Governance: Solomon Islands’ Engagement in the Coral Triangle Initiative     

Louisa S. Evans  Philippa J. Cohen  Agnetha Vave-Karamui  Rosalie Masu  Delvene Boso  Senoveva Mauli 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(1):121-135

Environmental governance aims to reconcile an expanding set of societal objectives at ever-larger scales despite the challenges that remain in integrating conservation and development at smaller scales. We interrogate Solomon Islands’ engagement in the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security to contribute new insight on the scalar politics of multi-level marine governance. We show how regional objectives are re-interpreted and prioritized as they translate into national policy and practice. Our data suggest that enhanced coordination of finances and activities, integration of objectives in shared protocols and priority geographies, and a subtle shift in power relations between the state, donors, and implementation partners have resulted from processes of re-scaling. We discuss important procedural adjustments in cross-level and cross-scale governance across jurisdictional, institutional, and sectoral scales. We also reflect on the changing role of national governments in shifts toward large-scale, multi-national initiatives.  相似文献   

Robustness and the Paradox of Bridging Organizations: The Exit Problem in Regional Water Governance Networks in Central America     

Jacob Hileman  Marco T. A. Bastos  Mark Lubell 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(6):683-697

Bridging organizations facilitate a range of governance processes, including cooperation and social learning, and are theorized to be a key component of robust governance systems. In this article, we use node removal simulations to test structural hypotheses of robustness in a regional water governance network in Central America. We investigate the response of network measures supporting core governance processes to the targeted removal of bridging organizations and other actors, which we compare to random and centrality-based simulations. The results indicate removing bridging organizations has a greater impact on the network than any other type of actor, suggesting bridging organizations are critical to the robustness of the governance system. Furthermore, network structures supporting cooperation may be less robust than structures facilitating social learning. We conclude with policy implications of the research findings as they relate to the exit problem in governance systems with a large presence of international development actors.  相似文献   

山东省城镇化包容性发展的时空格局   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

于伟  吕晓  宋金平 《地理研究》2018,37(2):319-332

在中国城镇化发展的战略转型期,将“包容性”理念融入新型城镇化道路的建设中,从发展机会平等、发展内容全面、发展成果共享三个维度解析了城镇化包容性发展的内涵,并构建测评指标体系,以山东省为案例进行了实证研究。结果表明：① 2005-2014年,山东省城镇化包容性发展评价值均小于0.5,处于以排斥性特征为主的过渡时期,不同维度的评价值呈现发展机会平等<发展内容全面<发展成果共享的态势;② 只有青岛市进入了包容性特征为主的过渡时期,济南等10地市处于排斥性特征为主的过渡时期,菏泽等6地市处于排斥性发展阶段;③ 各地市综合评价值与发展机会变量的正相关性最显著,说明发展机会不均等是较多地市城镇化包容性发展综合评价值偏低的主要原因。发展机会、发展内容与发展成果的相关性较弱,说明山东省较多地区的城镇化建设投入和成果还未能有效的惠及城乡。理论上,实现了从起点、过程、结果等内在联系紧密的三个维度刻画城镇化的发展水平,完善了城镇化的质量内涵。实践上,可以从不同层面检视城镇化包容性发展的障碍因素,为城镇化的质量提升提供指引。  相似文献   

雄安新区：如何建成生态与创新之都   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

葛全胜  董晓峰  毛其智  张文忠  杜龙江  张伟  何春阳  吴殿廷  吕拉昌  陈明星  孙进柱  孙斌栋  赵鹏军  潘竟虎  彭建  强海洋 《地理研究》2018,37(5):849-869

建设雄安新区,是千年大计、国家大事。为落实中央决策,我们突出强调将雄安建设成为生态与创新之都。来自地理学及人居环境科学领域的16位专家,以笔谈方式,对此开展了深入讨论。认为雄安新区的发展,应该坚持和秉承以下观念。一是宜居安全观,需要优化调控区域资源环境承载力,突出安全第一,切实防范洪涝灾害、环境污染等风险,以创建宜居宜业宜游的城市为目标,走全面宜居城市之路。二是生态城市观,应积极采用低碳生态技术,有机组织城市区域生态系统与空间布局,建设绿色基础设施系统,保证城市生态系统良性循环,走系统化的生态城市之路。三是创新核心观,应该以科技文化为灵魂,推进科技创新、文化创新与管理创新等全面创新,突出科技创新核心,建设新一代可持续发展的科技创新之都。四是区域统筹观,应从流域视角、区域一体化视角,统筹新区建设,注重区域协作,共享共生,互动互补,带动区域转型新型发展,走区域深度协同发展之路。五是文化城市观,重视历史文化保护与城市文化艺术发展,倡导文化包容与和谐,探索中华人文生态特色新型城市风貌,走文化特色城市发展之路。六是综合品质观,强调城市生态经济社会全面高水平发展,突出全面高质量与高标准发展理念,建立国际领先的质量标准体系与规范体系,发展智慧城市,全面加强综合质量监测评价与督察,结合文化品质追求,配套先进的社会公共设施与保障系统,走综合高品质发展之路。七是典型示范观,努力将雄安新区打造成生态创新的城市示范区和新型城市化的样板城市,促进京津冀建设生态与创新型世界城市群。  相似文献   

中国地理与资源期刊集群微信公众号的发展与实践     

刘宇峰  朱晓华  何书金  袁丽华  李义 《地理研究》2018,37(11):2355-2360

在“互联网+”时代,微信公众号服务在社会各行业、各领域得到广泛普及,在学术传播方面,能够有效地帮助期刊传播科学文化,增加期刊与读者群之间的“粘性”,扩大期刊的学术影响力和社会知名度。本文对中国地理与资源期刊集群微信公众号的运营发展过程进行总结,同时基于微信后台数据,对微信公众号取得的实践成效进行统计分析,结果表明：① 微信公众号的创立是扩大受众范围、有效传播科学文化、提高期刊影响力的重要手段;② 微信公众号的科学定位、标题创意设计、内容创新以及广泛宣传是吸引公众、提高期刊知名度的必要举措;③ 中国地理与资源期刊集群微信公众号实践成效显著。最后从重视微信用户体验、优化平台菜单设置、增加平台与用户互动及加大宣传力度等几方面提出打造品牌微信公众号的对策建议。  相似文献   

中国人地关系及人地关系地域系统研究方法述评   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李扬  汤青 《地理研究》2018,37(8):1655-1670

人地关系及人地关系地域系统是地理学基础理论研究的本质所在,其研究方法的发展和完善不仅能促进人地关系研究的不断深化,而且可以更有效地解决经济社会发展中出现的复杂资源环境问题。在梳理人地关系及人地关系地域系统的内涵及研究脉络基础上,从哲学和环境史、可持续发展、人地关系地域系统研究方法、人地关系综合表征方法等四方面评述了中国人地关系及人地关系地域系统的研究方法,并提出了未来的发展趋势。① 伴随着人地关系及人地关系地域系统内涵的不断演变,人地关系地域系统的研究方法也不断发展,丰富了人地关系的理论内涵和方法体系。② 人地关系地域系统的不同研究方法各具特点,并且各有其适用性和局限性,总体上是往综合集成方向发展,如生态足迹和资源环境承载力等,是人地关系综合集成研究的有益探索。③ 提出人地关系地域系统研究方法未来的发展趋势包括发展自然要素和人文要素耦合的综合集成研究方法,加强新技术手段和新研究方法的运用,完善资源环境基础和资源环境承载力等综合研究的理论体系。  相似文献